Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), is a common ailment affecting dogs, particularly those in social environments. This condition is a complex of diseases caused by various pathogens, including bordetella bronchiseptica, parainfluenza virus, herpesvirus, adenovirus, and mycoplasma. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding prevention strategies are crucial for dog owners to ensure their pets’ well-being.
The primary symptom of kennel cough is a distinctive “honking” cough, which is typically dry, harsh, and non-productive. Dogs suffering from this condition may also exhibit lethargy and a decreased appetite. Nasal discharge might be present, but it’s not always a guaranteed symptom. In more severe cases, kennel cough can progress to pneumonia, a serious lung infection.
Causes and Transmission
Kennel cough is highly contagious and thrives in situations where dogs are in close proximity. This includes environments like boarding kennels, animal shelters, dog parks, and grooming facilities. The virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected dog coughs or sneezes. Direct dog-to-dog contact and contact with contaminated objects, such as shared food bowls or leashes, can also facilitate transmission. The incubation period for kennel cough typically ranges from 2 to 10 days.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A veterinarian can usually diagnose kennel cough based on a physical examination and the dog’s history of potential exposure. While specific tests can identify individual pathogens, a precise diagnosis is often not necessary unless a more serious condition, like distemper, is suspected.
Since most cases of kennel cough are viral, antibiotics are generally not prescribed. However, in situations with a high risk of secondary bacterial infection, such as in shelter environments, a veterinarian might prescribe antibiotics like doxycycline.
For dogs experiencing severe coughing that disrupts rest, anti-tussive medications such as hydrocodone, butorphanol, or codeine may be recommended. Historically, anti-inflammatory drugs, including steroids and non-steroidals, were used. However, their effectiveness in shortening the duration of the illness is questionable, making their benefit uncertain. It’s important to discuss any treatment plan with your veterinarian, especially if your dog requires flea tick and ear mite protection for dogs.
Recovery and Potential Complications
Most dogs recover from kennel cough within two weeks. However, complications can arise. If kennel cough develops into pneumonia, symptoms will be more severe and include labored breathing, a moist cough, high fever, and significant nasal discharge. Pneumonia requires more aggressive treatment, which may involve hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and fluid support.
Prevention Through Vaccination
Vaccination is a critical component of preventing kennel cough. The vaccines are safe for puppies and, similar to the human flu shot, they don’t entirely prevent infection. Instead, the vaccine significantly reduces the severity of symptoms, decreases the likelihood of developing pneumonia, and lowers the need for intensive emergency care.
The Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine is considered a “lifestyle” vaccine and is available for dogs aged 12 weeks and older. It is particularly recommended for dogs that frequently board, visit groomers, or frequent dog parks. It is essential to consult with your veterinarian to determine if this vaccine is appropriate for your individual dog’s lifestyle and risk factors. Your veterinarian can also advise on other health concerns, such as anti itch medication for dogs if your dog experiences skin irritation.
If your dog has underlying health conditions that make them more susceptible to respiratory issues, discussing options like best prescription allergy medicine for dogs might be beneficial. Furthermore, understanding the signs and treatments for other common canine ailments, such as mange mites treatment and general medicine for mange, can help you be a more informed pet owner.
Ultimately, staying vigilant about your dog’s health and consulting with your veterinarian are the best ways to protect them from kennel cough and other infectious diseases.
This article has been reprinted with permission from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine’s DogWatch newsletter, published by Belvoir Media Group. When you become a member of the Riney Canine Health Center, you will receive a free subscription to DogWatch.